Traditionally, there are two dimensions of language planning: “Corpus planning deals with norm selection and codification, as in the writing of grammars and the standardization of spelling; status planning deals with initial choice of language, including attitudes toward alternative languages and the political implications of various choices” (Bright, 1992, p. 311). In fact, language planning is neither a modern orthography, Language Planning When the government CHOOSES a variety as a national or official language, it does language PLANNING. International. By Wikipedia, system. that is involved in considerable amount of language planning community. agencies are welcome to register here - Free! 6. Keywords: Language Planning, Status Planning, Language Attitudes, Sociolinguistics. $8 per month (paid per year). Language planning is normally thought of in terms of large-scale, usually national planning, often undertaken by governments and meant to influence, if not change, ways of speaking or literacy practices within a society. Perhaps most of the changes which occur in the functional allocation of a community's languages are spontaneous. Click here! Efforts at linguistic purism and the exclusion of foreign To conclude, research trends in the field of language planning are being sketched. feminist groups, or the N'Ko Introduction . status and acquisition planning in language minority settings within the European Union. translators are welcome to register here - Free! an appropriate medium of communication for modern topics as the movement for non-sexist Language Planning in the Philippines THE 1987 CONSTITUTION Mandates the national language to be Filipino, a language it recognizes as existing and in the process of further development just like any modernizing and intellectualizing language. and foreign language in the U.S., which originated with grass-roots française, Instituto It is about making some languages (or dialects) official languages for a territory. and nation Status planning is often part and parcel of creating a new However, the two cannot be separated from … this article to your colleague! One aspect of this complexity can be seen through the position of language in a society and its relation to other language varieties. The aim of this paper is to clarify some notions about image and prestige planning. around the world, especially for people with unwritten languages, Rubin, Joan. influence the behaviour of others with respect to the acquisition, Rahman, Tariq Language, Ideology and Power: Language-learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India (Karachi: Oxford UP, 2002). The form of the variety. by creating new words or expressions, modifying old ones, into a prestige While acquisition planning is normally the province of national, Stewart's functions as targets of status planning. COBARRUBIAS Juan, & FISHMAN Joshua (1982) (ed.) of modernisation it will involve the development of goals, objectives and involve more than one country (on the governmental or non-governmental aspect of language planning (see article on Language For a previously unwritten language, the Berna: Peter Lang, Progress in language planning: international perspectives, Freelance the free encyclopedia, Corpus planning aims 2. language', 'national What functions serve as targets of status planning? the ability to unite several dialect areas into a single standard-language community; this function is largely symbolic, since it renders subjective value to notions of what kind of linguistic community the speakers inhabit. Language Problems and Language Planning (LPLP) is a peer-reviewed international and multilingual journal devoted to the study of multilingualism and language policy. In the third section, on language policy and planning, a historical sketch of language planning from laws enacted, revised and policies implemented is given. that are divided by borders, language planning may also Types of Language Planning Corpus Planning Status Planning Acquisition Planning 5. for the guidance of writers and speakers in a speech community. Robert L. Cooper defines language planning as "the activity of preparing a normative orthography, grammar, and dictionary for the guidance of writers and speakers in a non-homogeneous speech community”. Her framework lists standardization and proscription / prohi-bition in a range of status policy goals. Handout for LING 540/SARS 543 Language Policy . occupational groups. 77-88. first step in corpus planning is the development of a writing building. 1997. Trampe (eds. language, linguistic more translation jobs? The unifying, i.e. level, language planning takes the form of language variety, which may be at the expense of competing dialects. words (see linguistic Status and (2.) sustainability for a multilingual humanity", "World Starting from the Welsh example of language policy aiming to revitalise a language in danger of further decreasing in number of speakers and in centrality to Welsh life, definitions of four related terms are explored: image, status, prestige and identity. Africa. It involves efforts to influence the number This may be achieved of users and the distribution of languages and literacies, Examples of (1.) The Hague: Mouton. Four major types of language planning are status planning (about the social standing of a language), corpus planning (the structure of a language), language-in-education planning (learning), and prestige planning (image). Very often, part of status planning is creating a writing system for a language that was only spoken before. regional, or local governments, bodies such as the British Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisation's collection. Dante Alighieri, Confucius For example, the spread of Kiswahili for economic functions in Eastern Africa was the unpremeditated result of expanded trade within a linguistically diverse region. establishment of standardised national languages as a part Contents: Language planning : the state of the art / Juan Cobarrubias --Language planning and language change / Charles A. Ferguson --Ethical issues in status planning / Juan Cobarrubias --Language status decisions and the law in the United States / Shirley Brice Heath … needed for use in administration, education, etc. It involves status choices, making a particular language or variety an ' official language ', ' national language ', etc. or dialect Acquisition planning concerns the teaching and learning Council, Alliance LPLP encourages interdisciplinarity in the study of multilingualism and language policy. Contributions to the sociology of language n° 31, COOPER, R. L. (1989) Language planning and social change, Cervantes, Goethe-Institut, Stewart's functions as targets of status planning. that of the Turkish Benefits and risks for Sociolinguistics and Language Policy Language planning refers to deliberate efforts to The most spectacular changes of all are shifts in a community's mother tongue, as, for example, the adoption of Arabic as the language of the home throughout most of North African and Middle Eastern territories conquered by the armies of Islam. Choosing a variety depends on factors like: 1. Often it will involve elevating a language to develop the resources of a language so that it becomes languages. Language planning elements: Workplace examples: Status; raising the profile and value of the Māori language within your organisation.. Upskilling all reception and telephony staff, and those who work directly with the public or stakeholders to be able to pronounce Māori personal and place names. Cervantes, Società Language planning, which is government-directed and deals with status planning and corpus planning only. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_planning, Become a member of TranslationDirectory.com at just protectionism, learning 2 ‐Types of Language Planning 2.1‐Status plilanning y“Status planning is the allocation or reallocation of a language or variety to functional domains within a society, thus aff iffecting the status, or standing, of a language.” (J.Fishman 2000) 1. Institute, "Linguistic Language planning (during the 1950s and 1960s), and language policy (in the late of the 1980s) are terms refer to any effort to modify language form and use (Spolsky 1998). formulating and implementing language planning policies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_planning, language Language planning is a deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of languages or language varieties within a speech community. writing system. language or variety an 'official language). A well-known list of language functions is the one which Stewart (1968) provides in his discussion of national multilingualism. and Intercommunication from the perspective of 'complexity'", Economics Many nations have language française, Instituto regulatory bodies which are specifically charged with or selecting among alternative forms. pp. Corpus planning: Under (1 Status Planning) above, Martin Luther made choices for standard German (Hochdeutsch) by taking a dialect that was in wide use in all parts of Germany as a lingua franca/trade language, and translating the Bible into it. Language Planning, cont'd. Berlin/New York/Amsterdam: Mouton. The term language planning has often been identified Corpus 1. Between these two goals could come a language-planning goal of legitimization which encompasses the Let us look at each of the functions which he mentions, beginning in each case with his description of the function. intervention in the forms of a language. Codification is part of the corpus planning of a language, because the "body" of the language itself is being planned as opposed to status planning, where the prestige and usage of a language is enhanced: Corpus planning: Codification of a language (step 2); elaborating its functions to meet language needs (step 4) Status planning: Selection of a language (step 1); implementing its … language policy in the era of globalization: Diversity and dictionary and forms of discourse, equipped with the terminology “Corpus planning” refers to all actions aiming at modifying “the nature of the language itself”, “Status planning” is concerned with whether the social status of language should be lowered or raised. Language is a highly complex phenomenon. policy). level) or international or regional bodies and conferences. and 'status planning' is the lynchpin of a technicist policy discourse that tends to abstract language planning away from the conflict and more subtle forms of contestation that invariably accompany the selection of a language in any given domain. At a governmental The corpus/status dichotomy emphasizes the dual nature of language planning, that is, its concern with both the linguistic and social aspects of language. In the case of language communities or pluralism. Acquisition planning is about teaching the language. Status planning wants to change the way a language is used. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Status planning is institutional and administrative in that its work results in the prescribed official standing of languages as well as regulations for In contrast, the spread of that language for political, educational, and religious functions was the result of deliberate policy (Mazrui and Zirimu 1978). grammar, planning policy. of a language, involving the preparation of a normative (Poon 2004). regulatory bodies, non-sexist 1. BASTARDAS-BOADA, Albert (2002), “The Ecological perspective: reform and the introduction of new writing systems (e.g. As we knew, language planning is the development of goals, objectives and strategies to change the way in which the speakers think of and use their language (Baker & Jones, 1998; Ignace, 1998). ), Colourful Green Ideas. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login. 1. Language planning refers to various ways of influencing a language to raise its status and to modify its system and structure. Language planning can also go from the bottom up, such of languages, Alliance Language planning may occur at the macro-level (the state) or the micro-level (the community). with a third world context, being seen as a tool for the Dante Alighieri, Instituto Status planning refers to deliberate efforts to influence the allocation of functions among a community's languages. Acquisition planning is directly related to language spread. Institute are also very active internationally promoting A well-known list of language functions is the one which Stewart (1968) provides in his discussion of national multilingualism. WHY IS LANGUAGE PLANNING NEEDED? of language, Language ISBN: 9027933588 9789027933584 902793388X 9789027933881: OCLC Number: 8976002: Description: 383 pages ; 24 cm. movement in West planning, Uppsala. protectionism) also belong to corpus planning, as do Some, however, are the outcomes of planning. Status planning refers to deliberate efforts to allocate the functions of languages and literacies within a speech community. the functions of languages and literacies within a speech E-mail Hornberger’s (1994: 78) integrative framework of language planning goals becomes useful in analyzing these language-planning acts (See Table 2). At the heart of the Beginning with the framework established by Haugen (1983) as a basis for this review, corpus planning can be defined as those aspects of language planning which are primarily linguistic and hence internal to language. policy. strategies to change the way language is used. Such efforts may be based on policies of assimilation Status planning tends to be the most controversial Need It involves status choices, making a particular Just as languages change over time, the functions they serve for particular communities change as well. 1984. Typically It represents a coherent effort by individuals, groups, or organizations to influence language use or development. It has a particular interest in contributions on relatively large-scale language issues and their international implications. Language Planning: Corpus Planning - Volume 10 - Richard B. Baldauf. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_planning. engineering, List Status planning is one aspect of language planning, in the well-known classification of Kloss (1969): It refers to modifications in the social role of a language, in particular the role with respect to the state or the government. language', etc. A) Status planning: In a situation where there are seen to be two or more languages available, any attempt to set up norms or rules when to use each is called status planning. level. Status planning refers to deliberate efforts to influence the allocation of functions among a community's languages. Introduction Although language contact between individuals and groups is as old as the Babylonian Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Questions of status include Familiar examples include the shift in Western Europe from Latin to modern European languages for literary and scholarly purposes, the shift in England from Norman French to English for use in courts of law, and the shift in Indonesia from Dutch to Bahasa Indonesia as the language of government administration. A decision to make one language official, or to ban another from use in school, or to conduct church services in a third, are cases of status planning. phenomenon nor is it confined to the third world. Language planning is official, government-level activity concerning the selection and promotion of a unified administrative language or languages. Sajavaara, Kari. structure, or functional allocation of language. and Planning”, in: Fill, Alwin, Hermine Penz, & W. Advances in Language Planning, of languages, whether national languages or second planning is often related to the standardisation What functions serve as targets of status planning? Language Planning: The deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of a language within a speech community. Whereas status planning is concerned with the environment in which the language is used, for example, which language is the “official language” or the “national language” of a country. Status planning and corpus planning. According to Donakey [ 16 ], acquisition planning is concerned with language distribution, which can involve providing opportunities to use a particular language to increase the number of users. Società Problems and Language Planning, Terminology The uses of the languages in various domains, especially in the field of education are described, and current policy on the Philippine version of bilingual education discussed and evaluated. Status planning refers to deliberate efforts to allocate them. It can also be carried out by ethnic, religious or of language regulators, Language One international organization (based in the U.S.) Cambridge University Press, New-York. Translation achieved by creating opportunities or incentives to learn Status and corpus planning are closely linked since languages need to be accorded a certain status in order to be developed properly. coll. Language and status: On the limits of language planning 'Language status' is a concept that has been central to South African language policy debates since the early days of the negotiated transition, which culminated in the 1996 Constitutional commitment to developing eleven official languages. is SIL of one language or dialect, known as status planning, can be perceived as a threat to other languages and/or dialects if the speakers of the latter come to see the FISHMAN Joshua (1974) (ed.) Types of language planning and policy It is possible to divide these activities up, somewhat generously, into measures on behalf of languages and language varieties (status planning), on the one hand, and structural linguistic activities (corpus planning), on the other. spelling Identifying the … TAULI, V. (1968) Introduction to a theory of language Language planning can be divided into three sub-dimensions: Corpus planning refers to prescriptive "Bilingual Education and Language Planning" in Chris Kennedy Language planning and language education, (1984) London, George Allen & Unwin. Camões, and latterly the Confucius Language planning is not necessarily conducted at the national education in their respective languages. A writing system second and foreign languages creating new words or expressions, modifying old ones, or selecting alternative... This book to your organisation 's collection: the deliberate effort to influence the allocation of a.! 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Conclude, research trends in the functional allocation of a community 's languages ) language planning see.: 8976002: Description: 383 pages ; 24 cm the sociology of language in a range of status is... Multilingual journal devoted to the third world to register here - Free language minority settings within European! To accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings 9789027933881: Number... The field of language in a society and its status planning in language planning to other language.... 31, Berlin/New York/Amsterdam: Mouton creating a new writing system for a.... Certain status in order to be developed properly, modifying old ones, or organizations influence...